The roles and responsibilities of a churchwarden are wide and varied, as befitting an office that dates back to the 13th century, and churchwardens duties vary considerably according to local custom, tradition and the needs of particular parishes. These local variations evolve over time and it is important that each churchwarden is clear about what is expected and what is realistic. That being said, there is a framework expressed in statute and canon law which churchwardens should understand.

Churchwardens are officers of the bishop and their loyalty is to him, whilst at the same time remembering that they are chosen by the people of the parish, so their responsibility is to the parish as a whole, not just to the church congregation. Some of these duties are summarised here: